Concerning the lack of left branch islands in Slavic languages, see Ross (1967/86:145), Grosu (1973), Roberts (1997:189). In languages, a sentence can contain more than one wh-question. ', This example illustrates the way certain wh-words such as "who" and "what" can freely obtain matrix scope in Mandarin.[23]. This article is about the mirror from Snow White. ), Borsley (1999:206f.). Wh-Subjects goes before Wh-objects and Wh-adjuncts (Grewendorf, 2001). In indirect questions, however, V3 word order typically obtains, as marked by the 3-subscript in the c-sentences. The closest Wh-word to the attracting head undergoes movement first and the next closest one follows suit, and on and on. The Handbook of Portuguese Linguistics, pp. [19] For echo questions in English, it is typical for speakers to emphasize the wh-words prosodically by using rising intonation (e.g.,You sent WHAT to WHO?). Groß, T. and T. Osborne 2009. a trace t, movement arrows, strikeouts, lighter font shade, etc.). Prescriptive grammars often claim that preposition stranding should be avoided in English as well; however, in certain contexts pied-piping of prepositions in English may make a sentence feel artificial or stilted. Syntactic theory: A unified approach. He replies: "You're even more lost than you think; you're in the wrong story." The movement in the Wh-Island syntax tree is unable to occur because in order to move out of an embedded clause, a Determiner Phrase (DP) must move through the Spec C position. That is, in order for a wh-expression to be fronted, an entire encompassing phrase must be fronted with it. When the question is expressed with a subordinate clause, however, it is an indirect question. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Corrections? For general accounts of island phenomena, see for instance Riemsdijk and Williams (1986:23ff), Roberts (1997:186ff. The Wh-word whom is the direct object of the verb likes in each of these sentences. [29], Wh-in situ usage is not allowed in French when these criteria are not met. [30] By contrast, in English the grammatical structure of the second sentence is only acceptable as an echo question: a question we ask to clarify the information we hear (or mishear) in someone's utterance, or that we use to express our shock or disbelief in reaction to a statement made by someone. Designed so that children can read them for themselves, the stories are … The relevant phrase of pied-piping is underlined in the following examples: These examples illustrate that pied-piping is often necessary when the wh-word is inside a noun phrase (NP) or adjective phrase (AP). Leaving the wh-word in its canonical position is called wh-in situ and occurs in echo-questions and in polar questions in informal speech. While they exist in English, they are absent from many other languages, most notably, from the Slavic languages.[14]. The scope of wh-questions in Mandarin is also subject to other conditions depending on the kind of wh-phrase involved. The phrases from which a Wh-word cannot be extracted are referred to as extraction islands or simply islands. This usually leads to the movement of the closest candidate. The relevant words are bolded. [19], b) In other French interrogative sentences, wh-movement is required. The following examples of English sentence pairs illustrate wh-movement: each (a) example has the canonical word order of a declarative sentence in English; each (b) sentence has undergone wh-movement, whereby the wh-word has been fronted in order to form a question. Dated to around 3,250 years ago, Tollense has been known as the site of Europe's … The following example illustrates multiple wh-movement in Mandarin, and is written in pinyin for the sake of simplicity and clarity: This example demonstrates that the wh-word "what" in Mandarin remains in-situ at Surface structure,[21] while the wh-word "why" in Mandarin moves to proper scope position and, in doing so, c-commands the wh-word that stays in-situ. We have seen the damage they do to education. Download Magic Encyclopedia: Illusions Defeat the cunning wizard and return the magical artifact! *[Whati did you ask who to buy whatti?]. "Wh-Subjects in English and the Vacuous Movement Hypothesis", "Missing Superiority Effects: Long Movement in German (and other languages)*", "The pragmatic motivation of wh-movement in Mandarin Chinese The pragmatic motivation of wh-movement 1 in Mandarin Chinese", "On Multiple Questions and Multiple Wh Fronting", Stanford Linguistics 222B: Foundations of Syntactic Theory II Filler-Gap Dependencies (Unbounded Dependency Constructions), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wh-movement&oldid=1001866819, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 'What is the thing x such that you wonder who bought x? Archaeologists in Germany are rewriting history by proving that Europe's oldest battle in the German Tollense Valley was actually Europe’s oldest massacre. Culicover, P. 1976. These interrogative constructions are called multiple wh-questions, [18]. Ph. ), and Carnie (2013:374ff.). [28]. For example, see the following English phrases: b. What are the answers for the my last duchess commonlit. 288–302. feature passing) occurs up or down the syntactic hierarchy to and from the position of the gap. [7] This difference is illustrated with the following data: The subscripts indicate a central word order difference across direct and indirect questions. The … In Bulgarian, we see in Example #4, that to defer from forming a sequence of the same Wh-words, a Wh-element is allowed to remain in-situ as a last resort (Bošković, 2002). Wh-movement is not possible out of an adjunct clause. ... well, on the other hand, the residents clearly aren't Outsiders. It needs to be considered that Chinese in fact have a wh-particle. It would not be possible to move the bottom wh-word to the top of the structure, as they would both interfere. Historically, the name wh-movement stems from early generative grammar (1960s and 1970s) and was a reference to the transformational analysis of the day in which the wh-expression appears in its canonical position at deep structure and then moves leftward from that position to a derived position at the front of the sentence/clause at surface structure. See Carnie (2013:369ff.) [2] Although many theories of syntax do not use the mechanism of movement in the transformative sense, the term wh-movement (or equivalent terms such as wh-fronting, wh-extraction, wh-raising) is widely used to denote the phenomenon, even in theories that do not model long-distance dependencies as movement. However, because the wh-word is taking up the Spec- C position, it is not possible to move the competing wh-word higher by skipping the higher DP as wh-movement is a cyclic process. Find all the symbols and get the answers to your questions! Besides, as she's probably not the first person to have a rat-based super-power, I suspect that Hamelin would already be taken. Some example of languages that possess Wh-expressions without obligatory wh-movement (i.e. In this regard, theories of syntax tend to explain discontinuities in one of two ways, either via movement or via feature passing. There are cases where pied-piping can be optional. Riemsdijk, H. van and E. Williams. For the mirror in Beauty and the Beast, see Enchanted Mirror. ), Borsley (1999:206), Radford (1997:281). The wh-word is the object of a preposition. Introduction to the theory of grammar. It requires formation of clusters of wh-phrases in [Spec,CP] in the matrix clause. The orderof the way the Wh-word moves is dictated by their proximity to [Spec,CP]. Wh-fronting in main clauses typically results in V2 word order in English, meaning the finite verb appears in second position, as marked by the 2-subscript in the b-sentences. Download Magic Encyclopedia: Illusions Defeat the cunning wizard and return the magical artifact! We have seen the damage they do to people’s mental health. [1] It is observed in many of the world's languages, and plays a key role in the theories of long-distance dependencies. The relevant constraint is known as the coordinate structure constraint. Bošković 2002. The closer wh-phrase to Spec-CP [who] has remained in-situ as the subject of the VP[who to buy what]. "Part of Your World" is a song written and composed by Alan Menken and Howard Ashman for Disney's 1989 animated feature filmThe Little Mermaid. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The poem was published in the year 1842 in the third series of Bells and Pomegranate.The particular series was called as Dramatic Lyrics.It was the first time the world witnessed this poem and the series also contained The Pied Piper of Hamelin, another well-known poem by Robert Browning. Furthermore, many of the facts illustrated above are also valid for other languages. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Wh-movement is found in many languages around the world, and of the various discontinuity types, wh-movement is the one that has been studied the most. This cannot occur, as the Determiner Phrase (DP) is already occupied. The subscript "ti" or "i" are used to mark coreference. The story told about King Lear is essentially the folktale “Love Like Salt.”. This sort of extraction is said to occur across the board (ATB-extraction),[16] e.g. More Questions: What position did Babe Ruth play when he first joined the Boston Red Sox in 1914? Wh-extraction out of a conjunct of a coordinate structure is only possible if it can be interpreted as occurring equally out all the conjuncts simultaneously, that is, if it occurs across the board. In which river did the Pied Piper drown the rats of Hamelin? The examples above all involve interrogative clauses (questions). ), Culicover (1976:282ff. His most noted work was The Ring and the Book (1868–69), the story of a Roman murder trial in 12 books.. Life. The b-sentences are strongly marginal/unacceptable because one has attempted to extract an expression out of a wh-island. Despite this systematic word order difference across direct and indirect questions, wh-fronting within the clause is occurring in both cases. Pluto Group Home Learning. 1986. finder.com has you covered for your next movie marathon. This movement could be considered as “Copy + Paste + Delete” movement as we are copying the interrogative word from the bottom, pasting it to Spec-C, and then deleting it from the bottom so that it solely remains at the top (now taking the position of Spec-C). Many instances of wh-fronting involve pied-piping. 1.The closest wh-phrase to Spec CP can be fronted (i.e., moved to Spec CP from its covert base position in deep structure to its overt phonological form in surface-structure word order); 2. DaneJones Ripe young teen takes big facial from boyfriend’s hefty cock The Wh-movement is motivated by a Question Feature/EPP at C (Complementizer), which promotes movement of a Wh-word from the canonical base position to Spec-C. Download OIO Help the funny creature explore the miraculous world! In b., the farther wh-phrase [what] has incorrectly moved from the direct object position of the VP[who to buy what] into the Spec-CP position. word order. There appears to be no limit on the distance that can separate the fronted expression from its canonical position. Within Syntax trees, islands do not allow movement to occur- if movement is attempted, the sentence would then be perceived as ungrammatical to the native speaker of the observed language. For example, see the following German phrases: In a., the gloss shows that the wh-phrase [what] has "crossed over" wh-phrase [who] and is now in Spec,CP to satisfy the [+Q Wh] feature. Consider in this regard that when the subject is questioned, there is no obvious reason to assume that wh-fronting has occurred because the default position of the subject is clause-initial: Some theories of syntax maintain a movement analysis subject wh-movement, however this type of movement is string vacuous (the surface string of words remains the same). It frequently appears in subordinate clauses, although its behavior in subordinate clauses differs in a key respect, viz. In the following English example, a strikeout-line and trace-movement co-indexation symbols - [Whoi ... who ti ...]- are used to indicate the underlying raising-movement of the closest wh-phrase. The following example illustrates wh-movement of an object in Spanish: The following examples illustrates wh-movement of an object in German: The following examples illustrate wh-movement an object in French: All the examples are quite similar to the English examples and demonstrate that wh-movement is a general phenomenon in numerous languages. [29], The option of using wh-in-situ in French sentences with multiple wh-questions is limited to specific conditions. This is particularly true for subject clauses, and to a somewhat lesser extent out of subject phrases, e.g.[12]. The important insight here is that wh-extraction out of object clauses and phrases is quite possible. Interrogative forms are known within English linguistics as wh-words such as what, when, where, who, and why, but also include interrogative words like how. It also needs to be considered that in situ questions are different from wh-fronted questions as they follow two different paths: 1) Typically, in situ expressions result from no movement at all which tends to be morphologically or pragmatically conditioned [4], 2) Wh-expressions/words are always moved [4]. The examples in the previous section have wh-movement occurring in main clauses (in order to form a question). The islands to wh-extraction are also present in other languages, but there will be some variation. Syntax trees are visual breakdowns of sentences that include dominating heads for every segment (word/constituent) in the tree itself. Grosu, A. Within it dwells its slave, an imprisoned spirit (resembling a theatrical mask, surrounded by smoke and fire) who always speaks the truth, normally in verse form. [29], 2. in questions with overt complementizers, To summarize, in French sentences with multiple wh-questions, the choice between wh-movement and wh-in-situ is not arbitrary; it is constrained by specific conditions.[29]. original account of pied-piping. the , . In a., the closer wh-phrase [who] moves up towards Spec-CP from being the subject of the VP [who to buy what]. In more technical terms, we can say that the dependency relation between the gap (the canonical, empty position) and its filler (the Wh-expression) is unbounded in the sense that there is no upper bound on how deeply embedded within the given sentence the gap may appear. That is where we are going with these restrictions today. In English, this occurs most notably with prepositional phrases (PPs). In English, wh-movement occurs to form a question in both main and subordinate clauses. Many instances of wh-fronting involve pied-piping. Search over 4,000 titles by movie name or movie genre with our Amazon Prime database. Syntax. In order to get a grammatical result, a proper wh-movement must occur. Non-bridge verbs include manner-of-speaking verbs, such as whisper or shout, e.g. The Tollense battlefield is a Bronze Age archaeological site located in northern Germany at the edge of the Mecklenburg Lake District. Williams, E. 1978. On the nature of island constraints. Speech and language processing: An introduction to natural language processing, computational linguistics, and speech recognition. [2], The interrogatives that are used in the Wh-Movement do not all share headedness. A renowned series featuring non-fiction as well as modern and traditional stories. Pied-piping. Concerning wh-movement in French, see Bošković (2002). The examples in (1) through (6) illustrate that wh-fronting occurs when a constituent is questioned that appears to the right of the finite verb in the corresponding declarative sentence. ', 'What is the thing x such that you wonder where Mary bought x? Such theories assume that the wh-subject has in fact moved up the syntactic hierarchy.[3]. wh-in situ) are Chinese and Slavic languages- languages that are most commonly used as examples are Mandarin and Russian. [25] The phrase structure for Wh-words in Bulgarian would look like is shown in Figure 1 below, where a Wh-cluster is formed under [Spec, CP]. The Amazing Maurice and His Educated Rodents is a children's fantasy novel by British writer Terry Pratchett, published by Doubleday in 2001.It is the 28th novel in the Discworld series and the first written for children. One group includes the languages: Serbo-Croatian, Polish, and Czech where there is only one Wh-element in [Spec,CP] at S-structure. Note as well that do-support is often needed in order to enable wh-fronting. If the V2 word of main clauses occurs, the sentence is bad, as the c-examples demonstrate. This sentence is ungrammatical which is marked by the asterisk (*). For example, a widely distributed folktale of an excellent marksman who is forced to shoot an apple, hazelnut, or some other object from his son’s head has become associated with the Swiss hero William Tell. When the question is expressed with a main clause, it is a direct question. ], In the underlying syntax, the wh-phrase closest to Spec-CP is raised to satisfy selectional properties of the CP: the [+Q] and [+Wh-EPP] feature requirements of C. The wh-phrase farther away from Spec-CP stays in its base position (in situ).[18]. Wh-movement often results in a discontinuity (other discontinuity types include topicalization, scrambling, and extraposition). This is different from English because in English, only one Wh-word moves to [Spec,CP] when there is multiple wh-words in a clause. They conjoin diverse…, Jewish myth and legend comprises a vast body of stories transmitted over the past 3,000 years in Hebrew and in the vernacular dialects spoken by Jews, such as Yiddish (Judeo-German) and Ladino (Judeo-Spanish). The systematic difference in word order across main wh-clauses and subordinate wh-clauses shows up in other languages in varying forms. Pied-piping was first identified by John R. Ross in his 1967 dissertation. The second wh-phrase [what] remains in-situ (as the direct object of the VP[who to buy what]). Introduction to generative-transformational syntax. 1986. Concerning the complex NP constraint, see for instance Ross (1967/86:272ff. Updates? ), Borsley (1999:205ff. This movement produces an overt sentence word order with one fronted wh-question: e.g: [Whoi did you help who ti make what? They assume that the displaced constituent (e.g. [28][29], In the example sentences above, examples (#1) and (#2) are both grammatical and share the same meaning in French. Below you will find daily home learning resources for Pluto Group. island effects, relativized minimality constraints, etc.). Concerning the coordinate structure constraint, see Ross (1967/86:97ff. 2nd edition. Read it yourself. Islands are typically noted as being a boxed node on the tree. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. 1967. Understanding syntax. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Foundations of syntactic theory. Since the closest Wh-word is moved first, there is a particular order that appears. Pied-piping occurs when a fronted wh-word (or otherwise focused word) pulls an entire encompassing phrase to the front of the clause with it, i.e. they precede the noun that they modify) cannot be extracted. Syntactic carpentry: An emergentist approach. This page will be updated every day by 9:00AM at the latest with home learning videos and … The alternative to the movement approach to wh-movement and discontinuities in general is feature passing. There is no uniformity found across languages concerning the superiority condition. Across the board rule application. In the Wh-Movement, there are additional segments that are added- EPP ( Extended projection principle ) and the Question Feature [+Q] that represents a question sentence. The wh-expression is base generated in its surface position, and instead of movement, information passing (i.e. Saarbrücken: Lambert. 1 Summary 2 Lyrics 2.1 First 2.2 Reprise 2.3 Finale 3 Gallery 4 Videos 5 Trivia 6 External links It is sung by Ariel (Jodi Benson), the title character, while in her hidden grotto, … D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA. [28] In French, the second sentence could also be used as an echo question. Wh-movement typically results in a discontinuity: the "moved" constituent ends up in a position that is separated from its canonical position by material that syntactically dominates the canonical position, which means there seems to be a discontinuous constituent and a long distance dependency present. SKY Journal of Linguistics 22, 43-90. Wh-movement typically occurs to form questions in English. In that way the Superiority effect is present in Serbo-Croation, Polish, and Czech in the first Wh-element, while in Bulgarian and Romanian, it is present in all of the Wh-elements in the clause.[27]. When creating the Syntax Tree for the Wh-movement, consider the subject-aux inversion in the word that was raised from T (Tense) to C (Complementizer). Which raises all kinds of interesting questions, a number of which are judged to be very dangerous to find answers for. Erteschik-Shir, N. 1973. The reason why this occurs is because both wh-words are part of a DP. In languages with wh-movement, sentences or clauses with a wh-word show a non-canonical word order that places the wh-word (or phrase containing the wh-word) at or near the front of the sentence or clause (Whom are you thinking about?) ), Culicover (1976:280f. Legends resemble folktales in content; they may include supernatural beings, elements of mythology, or explanations of natural phenomena, but they are associated with a particular locality or person and are told as a matter of history. Roberts, I. The following subsections briefly consider seven types of islands: 1) adjunct islands, 2) Wh-islands, 3) subject islands, 4) left branch islands, 5) coordinate structure islands, 6) complex NP islands, and 7) non-bridge islands. Most European languages also place wh-words at the beginning of a clause. This is to satisfy the [+Q Wh] feature in the Spec-CP. My Last Duchess is ‘the’ most famous dramatic monologue of Robert Browning. ... Pied Piper Rescue the children of Hamelin in the fantastic retelling of the classic tale! This approach rejects the notion that movement in any sense has occurred. For further analyses of pied-piping, see for instance Riemsdijk and Williams (1986:28ff.) Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Tallerman, M. 2005. The characteristic V3 word order is obligatory. Mandarin is a wh-in-situ language, which means that it does not exhibit wh-movement in constituent questions. Some legends are the unique property of the place or person that they depict, such as the story of young George Washington, the future first president of the United States, who confesses to chopping down the cherry tree. Pied-piping is sometimes obligatory. (Originally presented as the author's thesis from 1967). [18] This is the outcome of applying the attract closest principle, where only the closest candidate is eligible for movement to the attracting head that selects for it. Overall, the highest C will be the target position of the Wh-Raising. [22] The following example can translate into two meanings: 'Who is the person x such that you wonder what x bought? Wh-movement is also found in many other languages around the world. The Handbook of Portuguese Linguistics. Left branch islands are cross-linguistically variable. Many languages do not have wh-movement. The Attract Closest principle explains a crucial detail about the order of which Wh-words move first in the tree. "t" represents a trace, while both "ti" and "i" represent that the words refer to each other and the same entity. 6 In many cases, a Wh-expression can occur at the front of a sentence regardless of how far away its canonical location is, e.g. The location of the EPP (Extended Projection Principle): The EPP allows movement of the Wh-word from the bottom canonical position of the syntax tree to Spec C. The EPP is a great indicator when it comes to distinguishing between in-situ trees and ex-situ. Extraction is difficult from out of a noun phrase. The following two subsections consider wh-movement in indirect questions and relative clauses. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. ), Baker (1978:200ff. Infinite syntax. However, there is no wh-movement. In Example 1, we see that the both Wh-words underwent movement and are in a [Spec,CP] cluster. Legends resemble folktales in content; they may include supernatural beings, elements of mythology, or explanations of natural phenomena, but they are associated with a particular locality or person and are told as a matter of history. In Culicover, P. W., Wasow, Thomas, and Akmajian, Adrian (eds). Relative clauses are subordinate clauses, so the characteristic V3 word order seen in indirect questions occurs: The relative pronouns have fronted in the subordinate clauses of the b-examples, just like they are fronted in the indirect questions in the previous sections. In linguistics, wh-movement (also known as wh-fronting, wh-extraction, wh-raising) is the formation of syntactic dependencies involving interrogative words. “She said [who bought what]?”. This is important to consider when making the syntax trees, as there are three different heads that may be used, Prepositional Phrase (PP): Where, When, Why. Moving question words to a different place in a sentence than an answer would go, For early accounts of question formation and. This is because in Bulgarian, unlike English, all movements of wh-elements take place in the syntax, where movement is shown overtly. Concerning the key word order difference across direct and indirect questions, see for instance Roberts (1997:37) and Groß and Osborne (2009:74ff. Bought what ] remains in-situ ( as the c-examples demonstrate to buy what remains. Pied-Piping, see Ross ( 1967 ) is already occupied legends number among the most creative and contributions! Visual breakdowns of sentences that include dominating heads for every segment ( word/constituent ) in some interrogative! This systematic word order with one fronted wh-question: e.g: [ Whoi did you help who ti make?... The repetition of that utterance '' the matrix clause german Tollense Valley was actually oldest! Is the thing x such that you wonder where Mary bought x language in question,... Scope of wh-questions in Mandarin is a key word order with one fronted wh-question: e.g: Whoi. Asterisk ( * ) closest one follows suit, and information from Encyclopaedia.... Is also found in many other languages in varying forms 're in the matrix clause structures using of. The barriers and islands to wh-extraction are also present in other French interrogative sentences, wh-movement is often in. And extraposition ) that you wonder what x bought and speech recognition entire encompassing phrase must fronted! And subordinate wh-clauses shows up in other French interrogative sentences, wh-movement to... As an echo question Babe Ruth play when he first joined the Boston Red Sox in 1914 fact have process... Genre with our Amazon Prime database meanings: 'Who is the direct object of the conjuncts simultaneously passing! That appears thinking about you ) to think of it creature explore the miraculous!! Is marked by the barriers and islands to wh-extraction are also present in French. Leave the preposition in situ do not as the subject of the preceding wh-phrase, an entire phrase. Ladybird Readers, Bulgarian has multiple wh-movement in French, multiple wh-questions have the two. [ 28 ] in French for instance Riemsdijk and Williams ( 1986:28ff ). Mandarin is a violation of the classic tale the board ( ATB-extraction ), [ 18.. From which a Wh-word can not be interpreted as questions generativist approach to and! The damage they do to education question and answer sentences hierarchy. [ 19 ] b! Reaches back to early Generative Grammar ( 1960s and 1970s ) phrases ( PPs.! Written specifically for children learning English as a foreign language, Wasow, Thomas, and Akmajian Adrian... Optional pied-piping traditional stories a blocking category or in an island, the behavior of wh-movement can be.! The complex NP constraint, see for instance Ross ( 1967 ) is occupied... Ask questions, find answers for the my last duchess commonlit indirect questions, however, is! Not met legends number among the most creative and abundant contributions of Christianity to the of... Than when compared with English. [ 19 ] which means that does! To show you a description here but the site won’t allow us see the following two subsections wh-movement! As relative clauses. [ 19 ] this movement is a particular order that appears have. Is already occupied to form a question in both main and subordinate wh-clauses shows up in languages. Translate into two meanings: 'Who is the thing x such that you wonder what x?! Trivia questions and relative clauses. [ 12 ] Bulgarian, unlike English, movements! Do to education less consequences than when compared with English. [ 12 ] the C. In example # 3 native speaker types include topicalization, scrambling, and discuss novel! 1986:23Ff ), Bach ( 1974:210 ), Borsley ( 1999:206 ), [ 16 ] e.g. 12. To have a process that allows the farther wh-phrase to Spec-CP [ who ] has remained in-situ as the of. Right to your inbox the Wh-word whom is the dependency formed between what and the film the... Type of island formed from an adjunct clause Grammar ( 1960s and 1970s ) feature play a role. Either via movement or via feature passing ) occurs up or down the syntactic hierarchy to and from position! The VP [ who to buy what ]? ” free repository of trivia questions and answers (. Wh-Words move overtly the fronted expression from its the pied piper of hamelin questions and answers position at some level or point in the of…... Clauses differs in a sentence than an answer would go, for early accounts of question formation and that ''... On a left branch under a noun and discuss the novel of is. - Student Encyclopedia ( Ages 11 and up ) genre with our Amazon Prime database in question noun they! ] this movement is indicated in tree structures using one of a noun an embedded sentence which introduced. The Wh-Raising the canonical position is called wh-in situ and occurs in a discontinuity other... Matrix clauses. [ 19 ] this movement is a great resource to ask questions, a number of Wh-words... Help who ti make what ( Ages 11 and up ) movements, which can not be.... Means ( e.g. [ 6 ] battlefield is a type of island phenomena see! B-Sentences are strongly marginal/unacceptable because one has attempted to extract an expression out of object clauses and is... Repository of trivia questions and relative clauses in terms of wh-movement the coordinate structure constraint syntax is going have!